What is Anaphylactic Shock?

Anaphylactic Shock is often severe and sometimes a fatal systemic reaction in a susceptible individual upon exposure to a specific antigen. Characterised especially by respiratory symptoms, fainting, itching and swelling of the throat or other mucous membranes and a sudden decline in blood pressure. Almost any allergy-causing substance — including insect venom, pollen, nuts, latex, certain foods and drugs can cause anaphylaxis. Some people have anaphylactic reactions from unknown causes.

If you are extremely sensitive, you might break out in hives, and your eyes or lips might swell severely. The inside of your throat might swell as well, even to the point of causing difficulty breathing and shock. Dizziness, mental confusion, abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea also may accompany anaphylaxis.

If you've had an anaphylactic reaction in the past, carry medications with you as an antidote. Adrenaline is the most commonly used drug for severe allergic reactions. It comes only as an injection that must be prescribed by your doctor. You should also carry an antihistamine pill, because the effects of adrenaline are only temporary. Seek emergency medical attention immediately after taking these medications.

If you observe someone having a anaphylaxis:

1. Call 999 or your local emergency number.

2. Check for special medications that the person might be carrying to treat an allergic attack, such as an auto-injector of adrenaline. Administer the drug as directed — usually by pressing the auto-injector against the person's thigh and holding it in place for several seconds. Massage the injection site for 10 seconds to enhance absorption. If your doctor prescribed an auto-injector of adrenaline, read the instructions before a problem develops and also have your household members read them. After administering adrenaline, have the person take an antihistamine pill if he or she is able to do so without choking.

3. Have the person lie still on his or her back with feet higher than the head.
4. Loosen tight clothing and cover the person with a blanket. Don't give anything to drink.
5. If there's vomiting or bleeding from the mouth, turn the person on his or her side to prevent choking.
6. If there are no signs of circulation (breathing, coughing or movement), begin CPR.