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Heatstroke is similar to heat cramps and heat exhaustion. It's one
of the heat-related problems that often result from heavy work in
hot environments, usually accompanied by inadequate fluid intake.
Older adults, people who are obese and people born with an impaired
ability to sweat are at high risk of heatstroke. Other risk factors
include dehydration, alcohol intoxication, cardiovascular disease and certain
medications.
What makes heatstroke much more severe and potentially life-threatening
is that the body's normal mechanisms for dealing with heat stress,
such as sweating and temperature control, are lost. The main sign
of heatstroke is a markedly elevated body temperature — generally
greater than 40°C / 104 F — with changes in mental status ranging from
personality changes to confusion and coma. Skin may be hot and dry,
although in heatstroke caused by exertion, the skin is usually moist.
Other
signs and symptoms may include:
-
Rapid heartbeat
- Rapid
and shallow breathing
- Elevated
or lowered blood pressure
- Cessation
of sweating
- Irritability,
confusion or unconsciousness
- Fainting,
which may be the first sign in older adults
If you suspect heatstroke:
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