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Sunburn is a radiation burn to the skin produced by overexposure
to ultraviolet light, commonly from the sun's rays. A similar burn
can be produced by overexposure to other sources of ultraviolet
light, such as tanning lamps and welding arcs. Exposure of the skin
to lesser amounts of UV will often produce a suntan. Sunburns usually
develop as a result of over-exposure to sun or, less commonly, occupational
exposure. The long term danger of over exposure is the increased risk of skin cancer.
At the cellular level, UV light causes DNA damage which may be passed
onto subsequent generations of a cell's progeny, leading to increased
risk of skin cancer. Damaged cells die and release toxins which
can be responsible for nausea and fever. If many die, peeling may result.
All sunburns result in permanent and irreversible damage. One incident
of blistering sunburn doubles the risk of malignant melanoma.
Treatments
Sunburn
can occur in winter or in summer, on land or on water, wherever direct
sun or highly reflected light may reach bare
skin.
If sunburn occurs:
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Help the person to move into the shade or indoors.
- Cool
their skin down by running cold water over it or by taking a cold
bath for 10 minutes.
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Ensure they drink plenty of water to rehydrate themselves.
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If the sunburn is mild, apply calamine, aloe vera or an aftersun
preparation to the affected area. This will moisturise and soothe
the skin.
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Seek medical advice for severe sunburn.
Sunburn can be prevented. Protect yourself
with a suitable sunscreen or lotion.
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